Types of Mortgage Loans: Which Is Right for You?

It feels like there are a bazillion types of mortgage loans to choose from. That’s because mortgage programs keep inventing new ways to “help” people who aren’t financially ready to buy a house to buy one anyway.

But getting the wrong mortgage could cost you tens of thousands of dollars and decades of debt—not to mention a lifetime of money fights! We don’t want that for you.

That’s why at Ramsey we teach people about the different types of mortgages and their pros and cons so you can make a confident decision when buying a house.

What Are the Main Types of Mortgages?

Mortgage types really come down to three things: the loan program (conventional or government-backed), the term (how many years you take to pay it off), and the rate type (fixed or adjustable). Nail those three and you’ve made the big decisions.

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No matter where you get your mortgage—a broker, bank, credit union or direct lender—you’ll choose from one of these main categories:

1. Conventional Loans

• 15-year fixed-rate mortgages
• 30-year fixed-rate mortgages

2. Government Mortgages (Unconventional Loans)

• FHA loans
• VA loans
• USDA loans

3. Mortgages by Interest Rate Type

• Fixed-rate mortgages
• Adjustable-rate mortgages (ARMs)

4. Other Types of Mortgage Loans

• Conforming loans
• Jumbo loans (nonconforming)
• Balloon mortgages
• Assumable mortgages
• 50-year mortgages
• Second mortgages
• Reverse mortgages
• Subprime mortgages
• Mortgage buydowns
• Bitcoin mortgages

What Is a Conventional Mortgage Loan?

A conventional loan is the most common type of mortgage. Last year, 51% of first-time buyers and 70% of repeat buyers financed their home purchase with one.⁵ This type of mortgage is a deal between you and a lender that meets underwriting guidelines set by Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac—government-sponsored enterprises that purchase mortgages from lenders.

Since conventional loans aren’t backed by the government, lenders typically charge a higher down payment compared to unconventional government loans.

This type of loan also requires you to pay private mortgage insurance (PMI) if your down payment is less than 20% of the home’s value. PMI protects the lender (not you) if you stop making payments on your loan. That’s why we teach home buyers that the best down payment amount is 20% or more.

Okay, now let’s cover the pros and cons of the two most popular conventional loans.

15-Year Fixed-Rate Mortgages

The 15-year fixed-rate mortgage is the best type of mortgage and the only one we at Ramsey ever recommend to home buyers. It has the lowest total cost compared to any other type of mortgage.

Pros: A 15-year term keeps you on track to pay off the house fast, usually has a lower interest rate, and costs less total interest compared to longer-term loans.

Cons: A 15-year term comes with a higher monthly payment compared to a 30-year or longer term.

30-Year Fixed-Rate Mortgages

The 30-year fixed-rate mortgage is pretty much the same thing as the 15-year one except your repayment plan is twice as long.

Pros: You’ll have lower monthly payments with a 30-year term, compared to a 15-year.

Cons: You’ll have a higher interest rate and a longer repayment term, which means you’ll stay in debt longer and pay way more in interest than you would’ve with a 15-year term.

Bottom Line

When you compare a 15-year versus 30-year mortgage, the 15-year is always the smartest option because it saves you tens of thousands of dollars in interest and decades of debt! Choosing a 30-year mortgage only feeds into the idea that you should base major financial decisions on how much they’ll cost you per month—that’s flawed thinking. If you want to get ahead with your money, you’ve got to take the total cost into consideration.

What Are Government-Backed Mortgages?

Government-backed mortgages are considered unconventional because they break away from Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac guidelines. They include government-insured programs (FHA, VA, USDA) that set their own underwriting guidelines.

If the loan meets these agencies’ guidelines, they agree to buy the house if the lender forecloses on the home, so the lender won’t lose money if you don’t make payments.

Here’s the catch: All three are designed to get you into a house with little or no money down—and buying with no skin in the game usually means you’re not in strong financial shape to handle the costs of homeownership.

FHA Loans

The Federal Housing Administration designed the FHA loan to allow those who can’t qualify for a conventional mortgage to still be able to buy a house.

Pros: It allows you to get a mortgage with as little as a 3.5% down payment.

Cons: You’re required to pay a mortgage insurance premium (MIP)—a fee similar to PMI, except that you have to pay it for the life of the loan. The only way to remove MIP is to put more than 10% down—but even then, you’ll still have to pay it for 11 years!⁶ That adds thousands of dollars a year to your payment—and tens of thousands over the years you’re stuck paying it. No thanks!

VA Loans

The U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs designed the VA loan as a “benefit” for military veterans to buy a house for as little as nothing down.

Pros: Military veterans can buy a home with virtually no down payment or mortgage insurance fees like PMI.

Cons: When you purchase a home with zero money down and things change in the housing market, you could end up owing more than the market value of your home. VA loans also come with a funding fee. And remember, buying with nothing down isn’t really a benefit—it likely means you’re buying a house before you can afford all the costs of homeownership.

USDA Loans

The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) offers a loan program, managed by the Rural Housing Service (RHS), to people who live in rural areas and show a financial need based on a low or modest income.

Pros: With this loan, you can purchase a house with no down payment at below-market interest rates.

Cons: USDA-subsidized loans are designed to get people who really aren’t ready to buy a house into one. If that’s the only way you qualify, then you can’t afford a home right now.

Bottom Line

These loans are risky shortcuts. Avoid the higher fees, the hidden restrictions and the trap of buying with little or nothing down. Go with a conventional loan and pay a lower total cost.

If you can’t qualify for a 15-year fixed-rate conventional loan, put your homeowner dreams on hold for now so you can focus on getting your financial life in order. (P.S. That all starts with a budget. Sign up for our EveryDollar budgeting app to take control of your money.)

Should I Choose a Fixed-Rate or Adjustable-Rate Mortgage?

Go with a fixed-rate mortgage to keep more of your money. ARMs are among the worst types of mortgages out there.

Fixed-Rate Mortgages

A fixed-rate mortgage means your interest rate stays the same for the entire time it takes you to pay off your loan.

Pros: The size of your monthly principal-and-interest payment stays the same, which makes it easier to plan your budget.

Cons: Compared to a mortgage with an adjustable interest rate, a fixed interest rate might be higher—at first.

Adjustable-Rate Mortgages (ARM)

An adjustable-rate mortgage comes with an interest rate that goes up or down over the years—depending on market conditions. For example, if you get a 30-year mortgage with a 5/1 adjustable rate, your interest rate will lock for five years, then adjust annually for the remaining 25 years.

Pros: ARMs offer a lower interest rate (and monthly payment) for the first few years.

Cons: Sure, the initial low interest rate is appealing, but in exchange for that lower rate up front, the risk of higher interest rates down the road is transferred from the lender to you. Many people find this type of mortgage appealing because they can qualify for a more expensive home. But as many homeowners learned in the economic downturn, when your rate increases or you lose your job, the payment can quickly become too much for you to afford.

What Other Types of Mortgages Should I Avoid?

Okay, we already covered the most common types of mortgages—but now let’s cover some other mortgage types and terms you should know about.

Conforming Loans

A conforming loan is a mortgage that meets guidelines set by the government and good ol’ Fannie and Freddie.

The main guideline is your loan amount. For 2026, conforming loans must be no more than $832,750 (or $1,249,125 if you live in Alaska or Hawaii).⁷ Keep in mind that FHA, VA and USDA are not conforming loans.

Lenders like conforming loans because they can sell them to Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac or other companies. That gets the loans off their books so they can fund more mortgages.

And you should like conforming loans too—they’ll keep you away from riskier loan options.

Pros: With conforming loans, you’ll pay a lower interest rate compared to nonconforming loans.

Cons: Conforming loans come with strict limits on how much money you can borrow.

Jumbo Loans (Nonconforming)

If your loan size exceeds the limits of your specific mortgage program and doesn’t conform to their guidelines—as is the case with a jumbo loan—it’s considered a nonconforming loan.

Pros: Jumbo loans exceed loan amount limits set by Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, which means you can get a higher-priced home.

Cons: They require excellent credit and larger down payments, and they have higher interest rates than conforming loans.

Balloon Mortgages

Here’s how a balloon mortgage works: Let’s say you have a 30-year balloon mortgage. You might make monthly payments for several years. But then you agree to make one large, lump-sum payment to cover the total remaining balance at the end of your term.

Pros: Balloon mortgages generally come with lower interest rates.

Cons: If you’re not prepared, being on the hook for a massive payment due all at once could totally devastate your finances.

Assumable Mortgages

An assumable mortgage lets you take over the seller’s loan—including their interest rate—when you buy their home. Only FHA, VA and USDA loans are assumable.

Pros: You could lock in a lower mortgage rate—sometimes around 3%. Plus, since you’re not getting a brand-new mortgage, you’ll likely pay fewer closing costs.

Cons: To assume a mortgage, you’ll need enough cash to cover the seller’s equity up front. That could easily run between $150,000 and $250,000. On top of that, mortgage assumptions can drag out the closing timeline—usually taking three to six months. Most sellers aren’t willing to wait that long, which makes this type of loan hard to come by.

50-Year Mortgages

A 50-year mortgage is a fixed-rate loan that stretches your payments over half a century. It first popped up in places like Southern California as a way to shrink monthly payments on overpriced homes.

Pros: Monthly payments are lower since the loan is spread out over such a long time.

Cons: You’ll pay sky-high interest and build equity painfully slow. Plus, you’re locking yourself into 50 years of debt. Hard pass.

Second Mortgages

A second mortgage turns your home equity into a loan—usually through a home equity loan or a home equity line of credit (HELOC). It’s a way to borrow against your house to cover other expenses.

Home Equity Loan

This lets you borrow a lump sum against the equity in your home. A home equity loan gives you quick cash, but it also means more debt—and it puts your house at risk if you can’t pay it back.

HELOC (Home Equity Line of Credit)

Similar to a home equity loan, a HELOC is like a credit card tied to your house. The interest rate is usually variable, which means your payment can go up over time. It’s a dangerous way to borrow money.

Pros: Second mortgages give you access to cash you can use to pay off debt or fund big projects like home renovations.

Cons: Second mortgages put you deeper in debt and increase your risk of foreclosure if you can’t keep up with payments. And let’s be real—paying two mortgages can cause serious financial strain.

Reverse Mortgages

With most mortgages, you own more of your house over time. But there’s a type of mortgage that does the opposite—the reverse mortgage.

Pros: With reverse mortgages, senior homeowners can supplement their limited income by borrowing against their home equity (the value of your home minus your current loan balance). They’ll receive tax-free monthly payments or a lump sum from the lender.

Cons: With this type of mortgage, you sell off your equity—the part you own—for cash. This puts your home at risk by adding more debt to your name later in life. With a traditional mortgage, the amount you borrowed and have to repay (principal) goes down over the life of the loan. But with a reverse mortgage, your loan balance goes up instead.

Subprime Mortgages

The subprime mortgage was designed to bring the dream of homeownership within everyone’s reach—even for people who are struggling financially.

Pros: The perceived pro is that lenders will give you money to buy a house even if you have bad credit and no money. It was designed to help people who experience setbacks—like divorce, unemployment and medical emergencies—get a house.

Cons: Lenders know there’s a big risk in lending money to people who have no money—go figure. So these mortgages come with crummy terms like high interest rates and stiff prepayment penalties.

Mortgage Buydowns

With a mortgage buydown, you or the seller pays extra money up front to get a lower interest rate—temporarily. But once that lower rate goes away, you’re stuck with a higher monthly payment. It’s just a gimmick that distracts from the true cost of the loan.

Bitcoin Mortgages

A Bitcoin mortgage lets you use Bitcoin as collateral for a down payment—but you’ll take on two loans. Bitcoin isn’t an investment. It’s just a step above gambling. Skip it.

Bottom line? These mortgage options all sound like shortcuts—but they actually slow down your progress and stack up more debt.

Mortgage Loan Comparisons

Now let’s compare total interest costs between these common types of mortgage loans—you’ll see why the 15-year fixed-rate mortgage is the only way to go.

In each scenario, we’ve assumed a $350,000 home purchase at a typical interest rate for each mortgage option. For most of these examples, you can follow along using our Mortgage Calculator and Mortgage Payoff Calculator. (For simplicity, we left out property tax, home insurance, PMI and HOA fees on each example.)

15-Year Fixed-Rate Conventional Loan

If you put 20% down ($70,000) on a 15-year fixed-rate mortgage at 6.5% interest, your monthly payment would be $2,439 and you’d pay about $159,000 in total interest. That saves you anywhere from $35,000–363,000 in interest charges alone compared to the other mortgage options. Imagine what you could accomplish with that kind of money in your pocket!

15-Year VA Loan

Remember, the VA loan allows you to put zero money down. So let’s say you put no money down on a 15-year VA loan at 6.5% interest. For this example, we’ll assume your VA funding fee is $4,000 and you finance it into your loan because you don’t have any extra cash on hand—so you really borrow $354,000 total. That means your monthly payment would be $3,084 and your total interest paid would be just over $201,000.

15-Year FHA Loan

Or suppose you went with a minimum down payment of just 3.5% ($12,250) on a 15-year FHA loan at 6.5% interest. With an FHA loan, you’d also have to pay nearly $4,000 in up-front MIP at closing (not to mention the monthly MIP fee, which we’ll leave out of this example). Let’s say you finance that up-front MIP into your loan, which bumps up your loan amount to $341,750 and your monthly payment to $2,977. You’ll end up paying about $194,000 in interest over the life of the loan.

30-Year Fixed-Rate Conventional Loan

If you put 20% down ($70,000) and finance the rest with a 30-year fixed-rate conventional mortgage at 7% interest, you’ll pay about $1,863 a month in principal and interest. Your total interest paid on your $280,000 loan would come to nearly $391,000 by the time your mortgage is done.

30-Year Adjustable-Rate Mortgage

Let’s say you buy the $350,000 house with a down payment of 20% ($70,000) and you finance the remaining $280,000 with a 5/1 adjustable-rate mortgage at an initial interest rate of 7%. (FYI: ARMs usually have 30-year terms.) Using an ARM calculator, you’d start out paying about $1,863 a month for principal and interest. After the first five years, we’ll say the rate bumps up by just a quarter percent each year. By the last year, your payment is up to almost $2,550, and you’d pay nearly $522,000 in interest over the life of the loan.

Bottom Line: 15-Year Fixed-Rate Conventional Loan Saves the Most Money

If we stack these five mortgage options against each other, it’s easy to see where the costs add up. For instance, the 30-year 5/1 ARM charges the most interest of the bunch, while the 15-year FHA packs the highest fees. But the 15-year fixed-rate conventional mortgage with a 20% down payment always saves you the most money in the end!

Work With a RamseyTrusted^® Mortgage Lender

Now that you know the types of mortgages, avoid the ones that’ll cripple your financial dreams! To get the right home loan, work with our friends at Churchill Mortgage. They’re RamseyTrusted and actually believe in helping you achieve debt-free homeownership.

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